Britain under fire over deadly rescue tactics
Critics fear unusually aggressive commando response to kidnappings will inflame Afghan hostilities to foreign presence in country
Jessica Leeder
Thursday, Sep. 10, 2009
A day after British army commandos staged a dramatic rescue that freed a kidnapped New York Times reporter but left his Afghan colleague, one commando and several civilians dead, tough questions linger over why the British chose such a deadly approach.
Stephen Farrell, a 46-year-old dual Irish and British citizen employed by the Times, was captured by low-level militants Saturday and held, alongside his Afghan translator, Sultan Munadi, in Taliban custody until early Wednesday. Then, a team of British special forces commandos rappelled from a helicopter gunship and instigated a chaotic shootout with insurgents that ultimately saved Mr. Farrell but killed Mr. Munadi, one soldier and several civilians.
The raid was an unusually aggressive tactic that has angered journalists, friends of Mr. Munadi and Afghanistan observers, who worry the civilian casualties will add to hostility over foreign involvement in the country. Although kidnapping journalists has become common in Afghanistan, several high-profile situations have been resolved recently via peaceful, albeit tense, negotiations.
The force of the raid took many by surprise, including New York Times officials, who said they were not informed of the mission until it was concluded.
From Kabul Wednesday, Mr. Farrell, an experienced foreign correspondent who survived a 2004 kidnapping in Iraq, spent time decoding for his colleagues what he could of the events that led to his capture and release.
The ordeal began Friday, when he and Mr. Munadi, a 34-year-old father of two, set out for Kunduz, a city in northeastern Afghanistan. They hoped to report on the aftermath of a double NATO air strike that blew up two hijacked oil tankers Friday and killed 50 to 100 people. Mr. Munadi, who had worked on and off for the Times since 2002, was in Afghanistan on holiday from his Germany-based master's studies, and agreed to accompany Mr. Farrell and translate for him.
On Friday, the pair interviewed several injured people at a hospital. Early Saturday, they and their driver, Abdul Jamshid, set out for the bombing site despite police warnings that Taliban controlled the small village. There, they found the charred oil tankers and a group of angry villagers that quickly grew bigger as word of their presence spread.
“They told us it was very dangerous. I was scared when we got there because the villagers were angry at us,” Mr. Jamshid told The Washington Post. “An old man came up and told us we should leave,” he said. “But two minutes later we saw Taliban coming with Kalashnikovs.”
Mr. Jamshid sprinted away through tall grass and rice fields, but Mr. Farrell and Mr. Munadi were captured by militants. Over the next four days, Mr. Farrell told his Times colleagues, the pair were moved several times.
At first they felt optimistic. Village elders held a public meeting Sunday to request that local militants release the men. At a higher level, diplomatic negotiations began with United Nations officials, the Red Cross, area elders and local Taliban leaders, including a man named Mullah Saleem, who has been identified both as a Muslim cleric and a mid-level Taliban leader who is the “shadow governor” of Kunduz.
Privately, colleagues of Mr. Farrell who were observing a media blackout, which has become customary in cases where journalists are kidnapped in Afghanistan, were feeling positive about his release.
In Kunduz though, tension rose on the third day with the arrival of new Taliban figures who appeared more senior. Mr. Munadi translated for Mr. Farrell their discussions about moving the captives to a new region. The atmosphere, Mr. Farrell said, grew menacing; Mr. Munadi became the subject of threats and taunts.
Then, early Wednesday, as Mr. Farrell and Mr. Munadi languished in the last of the tiny rooms in which they were held, they heard the familiar sound of approaching helicopters.
“We were all in a room, the Talibs all ran, it was obviously a raid,” Mr. Farrell told colleagues. Before abandoning the mud hut, one of the captors came back and tipped his gun toward the two journalists. He fled, and minutes later, the pair followed suit, groping their way out of a courtyard and then along the outside wall of the compound. In a matter of minutes, Mr. Farrell would be in a helicopter; Mr. Munadi's lifeless body remained on the ground.
Later Wednesday it emerged that British Prime Minister Gordon Brown had approved the commandos' mission, according to The Times of London. Plans for the raid were drawn up over the weekend and the mission was headed up by the deputy commander of NATO's International Security Assistance Force, Lieutenant-General Jim Dutton, a Royal Marine. High level British officials were kept informed and “supported the operation,” according to the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
In a statement, Mr. Brown expressed his condolences to Mr. Munadi's family and that of the fallen British soldier, but also defended the raid.
“This operation was carried out after extensive planning and consideration,” Mr. Brown said in a statement. “Those involved knew the high risks they were running.”
With a report from the Guardian News Service