I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no
private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.
II. Absolute
freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an
equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.
IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that
national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.
V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial
adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable government whose title is to be determined.
VI. The
evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of
all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the
independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.
VII.
Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. Without
this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.
VIII.
All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to
France by Prussia in 1871 in the
matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.
IX. A readjustment of the frontiers of
Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable
lines of nationality.
X. The people of
Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to
autonomous development.<a href="
Fourteen Points - Wikipedia"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a>
XI.
Romania,
Serbia, and
Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.
XII. The
Turkish portion of the present
Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the
other nationalities which are now under Ottoman rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of
autonomous development, and the
Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.
XIII. An
independent Polish state should be erected which should include the
territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a
free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.
XIV. A general
association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.
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